Healthy Vision Month, May 2011

Statement from Paul A. Sieving, M.D., Ph.D., Director of the National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health 

During Healthy Vision Month, the National Eye Institute (NEI), part of the National Institutes of Health, encourages people and organizations around the world to recognize the value of the sense of sight and make vision health a priority.
In focus groups conducted by NEI in 2005, the majority of participants reported that though they consider eyesight to be important, they take it for granted. In surveys conducted the same year by the NEI's National Eye Health Education Program and the Lions Club International Foundation, American adults noted that the loss of eyesight would have an extreme impact on their daily lives — though more than 25 percent said their last eye examination was more than two years prior, and 9 percent had never had an eye exam.
Unfortunately, an estimated 14 million Americans are currently visually impaired due to eye diseases and disorders, and this number continues to grow as the population ages. Of adults aged 40 and older, more than 4 million currently have diabetic eye complications, more than 2 million have glaucoma, and more than 1.75 million have age-related macular degeneration. Millions of Americans have common, correctible vision problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, presbyopia, and astigmatism. The prevalence of nearsightedness alone has increased 66 percent in the past 30 years, according to a 2009 NEI study.
Recent investigations by NEI scientists have indicated that many eye diseases impact certain races and ethnicities more often, a key observation for eye care professionals and for members of the general public who have the ability to take charge of their eye health. For example, African-Americans have about a 12 percent risk of glaucoma, which affects peripheral vision. This is more than twice the risk of non-Hispanic white Americans. Both Asian-Americans and Hispanics have a risk of about 6.5 percent.
Another major NEI-supported study recently determined the first estimates of visual impairment and eye disease development in Latinos, the largest and fastest-growing minority population in the United States. Researchers found that Latinos have higher incidence rates of visual impairment, blindness, diabetic eye disease, and cataracts than non-Hispanic whites. The same scientists previously showed that more than 60 percent of eye disease in Latinos remains undiagnosed.
The best way for any person, regardless of their ethnicity, to detect vision problems at the earliest, most treatable stages, is through a comprehensive dilated eye exam. This simple, painless procedure allows an eye care professional to examine the eye through an enlarged pupil and gain a more complete look at any changes in eye health.
Comprehensive dilated eye exams can reveal common and correctable refractive errors as well as eye diseases that have no or few early warning signs, including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Early detection of risk factors for these and other blinding eye conditions can lead to earlier treatment with vision-saving therapies that NEI researchers have developed over the past decades.
For example, scientists have shown that laser therapy is effective in preserving sight in those with diabetic eye disease, and recent studies indicate that additional drugs may lead to even better vision. Another study revealed that high levels of antioxidant vitamins plus zinc reduce the risk of the progression of and vision loss from age-related macular degeneration. Researchers also found that eye drops used to treat high eye pressure reduced the development of glaucoma by more than 50 percent in people who are at a high risk for the condition.
Join NEI in making vision a health priority for the nation. To find more information about Healthy Vision Month and resources for raising eye health awareness, including e-cards, educational handouts, and teaching tools, visit http://www.nei.nih.gov/hvm. For additional information on eye diseases and disorders, visit http://www.nei.nih.gov/health.
The National Eye Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health, leads the federal government's research on the visual system and eye diseases. NEI supports basic and clinical science programs that result in the development of sight-saving treatments. For more information, visit www.nei.nih.gov.
About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit www.nih.gov.

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References:
Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. (2008). A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Archives of Ophthalmology, 119:1417-36.
The Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group. (2004). The Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the United States. Archives of Ophthalmology, 122(4):564-572.
The Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group. (2004). The Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Adults in the United States. Archives of Ophthalmology, 122(4):552-563.
The Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group. (2004). The Prevalence of Open-Angle Glaucoma Among Adults in the United States. Archives of Ophthalmology, 122(4):532-538.
Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. (2010). Randomized trial evaluating ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology, 117:1064-77.
Kass, M.A., Heuer, D.K., Higginbotham, E.J., et al. (2002). The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: a randomized trial determines that topical ocular hypotensive medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma. Archives of Ophthalmology, 120:701-13.
Kempen, J.H., O'Colmain, B.J., Leske, M.C., et al. (2004). Eye disease prevalence research group: Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United States. Archives of Ophthalmology, 122:477-85.
National Eye Institute. (2005). Identification of Variables that Influence the Receipt of Eye Care. Accessible at: http://www.nei.nih.gov/nehep/research/REC_FocusGroupReport_10-25-05_wExec.pdf.
National Eye Institute, National Eye Health Education Program. (2007). 2005 Survey of Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Eye Health and Disease. Rockville, MD: National Institutes of Health. Accessible at: http://www.nei.nih.gov/kap/2005KAPFinalRpt.pdf.
Stein, J.D., Kim, D.S., Niziol, L.M., et al. (2011). Differences in Rates of Glaucoma among Asian Americans and Other Racial Groups, and among Various Asian Ethnic Groups. Ophthalmology. E-pub ahead of print.
Varma, R., Choudhury, F., Klein, R., Chung, J., Torres, M., Azen, S.P.; Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group. (2010). Four-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 149(5):752-61.e1-3.
Varma, R., Richter, G.M., Torres, M., Foong, A.W., Choudhury, F., Azen, S.P.; Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group. (2010). Four-year incidence and progression of lens opacities: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 149(5):728-34.e1-2.
Varma, R., Chung, J., Foong, A.W., Torres, M., Choudhury, F., Azen, S.P.; Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group. (2010). Four-year incidence and progression of visual impairment in Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 149(5):713-27.
Vitale, S., Cotch, M. F., & Sperduto, R. D. (2006). Prevalence of visual impairment in the United States. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 295(18), 2158–2163.
Vitale, S., Sperduto, R. D., Ferris III, F. L. (2009). Increased Prevalence of Myopia in the United States Between 1971–1972 and 1999–2004. Archives of Ophthalmology, 127(12): 1632–1639.